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Credits

The Twig Science Reporter team would like to thank the following organisations for their contributions:

  • BBC
  • BBC Motion Gallery
  • BBC Worldwide
  • Getty Images
  • Science Photo Library
  • NASA

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NASA

Inhaler Helps Giraffe Breathe Easy
  • The Zoological Society of East Anglia
Satellite Measures Forests From Space
  • European Space Agency - ESA
A Whole Lot of Lunar Landings!
  • NASA/Firefly Aerospace
  • NASA/Michelle Stone
  • Intuitive Machines
  • ispace
Meet Mr. Tornado
  • Hanna Holborn Gray Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library
Biodiversity Day
  • Nippon Foundation-Nekton Ocean Census
Dino Footprints Found in School
  • Dr Anthony Romilio / The University of Queensland
  • Biloela State High School
Planning the Next Moon Landings
  • NASA/JSC
  • NASA/Joel Kowsky
  • NASA/Glenn Benson & Cory Huston
Earth Day 2025
  • Vattenfall
ISS Astronauts Return to Earth
  • NASA
Seeds Added to Global Seed Vault
  • LM Salazar / Crop Trust
World's Largest Iceberg Runs Aground
Robotic Glove Boosts Piano Practice
  • Shinichi Furuya et al., Surmounting the ceiling effect of motor expertise by novel sensory experience with a hand exoskeleton. Science Robotics, 10, eadn3802 (2025). DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.adn3802
Severe Weather Hits United States
  • NOAA
Saturn's Rings Disappear
  • Saturn near Opposition, June 2017. D. Peach, E. Kraaikamp, F. Colas, M. Delcroix, R. Hueso, G. Therin, C. Sprianu, S2P, IMCCE, OMP
Southern California Wildfires
Top Science Stories 2024
  • Courtesy of Schmidt Ocean Institute
  • Dr. Lauren Stanton (University of California Berkeley)
  • Kyle Spradley (University of Wyoming)
  • Kirk Murray (photos) / University of Iowa Office of the State Archaeologist (OSA)
  • Miramar Events
  • 2024 Safeway World Championship Pumpkin Weigh-Off
  • NASA
  • The Earthshot Prize
  • The South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences) and The University of Adelaide
  • Marine Mammal Research Program (MMRP) at UH Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB) and Alaska Whale Foundation.
  • TOWT / Ronan Gladu
  • Urban et al. / Current Biology.
  • Virtual Incision
Life Under the Ocean Crust
  • Courtesy of Schmidt Ocean Institute
COP29
  • Sky News
  • BBC
  • NBC Universal Media
Giant Pumpkins!
  • Miramar Events
  • 2024 Safeway World Championship Pumpkin Weigh-Off
Hurricanes Helene and Milton
  • NOAA
Helping to see the colors of fall
  • Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation
Space Exploration, spelling & surgery!
  • NASA/JPL-Caltech
  • USGS/NASA Landsat
  • Virtual Incision
Clever Raccoons and Astrophotography
  • Dr. Lauren Stanton (University of California Berkeley)
  • Kyle Spradley (University of Wyoming)
  • National Maritime Museum
  • Tom Williams
  • Daniele Borsari
  • Gábor Balázs
  • Xin Feng and Miao Gong
  • Tom Rae
A sailing cargo ship
  • TOWT
  • Alexandru Enache
  • Ronan Gladu
  • Jose Mendez
  • HAROPA Port
  • Ports America
Ocean Secrets Revealed
  • The South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences)
  • The University of Adelaide
  • Marine Mammal Research Program (MMRP) at UH Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB)
  • Alaska Whale Foundation.
  • Kirk Murray (photos) / University of Iowa Office of the State Archaeologist(OSA)
  • Sean Grasso, seancine.com
Corn sweat and soil sounds
  • Flinders University – Traci Klarenbeek
  • Jake Robinson
  • Baker Consultants Ltd
Storms, swarms, and 2024 so far
  • Sean Grasso, seancine.com
  • Intuitive Machines
  • NASA / SpaceX
  • Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida
  • Jaimi Gray Schmidt Ocean Institute
  • San Diego Wildlife Alliance
  • James D. Tiller and James Di Loreto, Brittany M. Hance, Smithsonian. Phillip R. Lee.
An amazing aurora borealis display
  • NASA/SDO
  • NOAA
Endangered Species Day
  • NASA’s Earth Observatory Laumer et al.
  • 2024 Scientific Reports & Safruddin, Armas Fitra, Ulil Azhari, Adami & TNGL & KLHK & MPI & UNAS & YEL
Robots and Drones
  • University of Glasgow
  • Carnegie Mellon University
  • Advanced Navigation
Swiftiequake, California Condor, Robodog
  • San Diego Wildlife Alliance
  • Sean Grasso, seancine.com
  • NASA/JPL-Caltech/Scientific Visualization Studio
Cicada-palooza and Flying Insects
  • Nature Communications
  • Samuel T. Fabian
  • Nash Sondhi
  • Pablo E. Allen
  • Jamie C. Theobald
  • Huai-Ti Lin
Earth Day
  • Shawn Miller
  • © Copyright CSIRO Australia
NYC Earthquake, Blossoms, and Clever Dogs
  • EarthCam
  • CBS Broadcasting Inc.
  • FOX31 KDVR
  • Eötvös Loránd University
  • Marianna Boros
  • Miklós Zsámba
  • Oszkár Dániel Gáti
Bumblebees, Coral Reefs, and VR
  • Queen Mary University of London
  • Dr Alice Bridges
  • Ocean Culture Life
  • MARS
  • Ines Lange
  • ESA - European Space Agency
Digital Library of Museum Collections
  • Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida
  • Jaimi Gray
  • Daniel J Paluh
  • Zach Randall
  • Ed Stanley
Whale sounds and sea life discoveries
  • Tecumseh Fitch, University of Vienna
  • Coen P.H. Elemans, University of Southern Denmark
  • Patricia Jaqueline Matic
  • Schmidt Ocean Institute
  • NOAA
A Historic Landing on the Moon
  • Intuitive Machines
  • NASA / SpaceX
Dinosaurs
  • Oxford University Museum of Natural History
  • Yale University 
  • Yale Peabody Museum 
  • Bayla Arietta 
  • Manafzadeh, A.R., Gatesy, S.M. & Bhullar, BA.S., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-44832-z 
  • Seoul National University 
  • Park, J., Son, M., Park, J. et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50225-x
Iceland's Volcanic Eruptions
  • LiveFromIceland.is
Black History Month
  • US National Archives
  • Defense Visual Information Distribution Service
  • NASA
Final flight for NASA's Ingenuity
  • NASA
  • JPL-Caltech
  • ASU
  • MSSS
Extreme Winter Storms Hit the US
  • NASA-JPL
  • Caltech
  • NOAA
  • ABC News 
  • CBS News
Hummingbirds in Tight Spaces
  • Game-Changing Landing System: Skyryse
  • Hummingbirds in Tight Spaces: Marc Badger/UC Berkeley
  • Shape Changing Fabric Massachusetts: Institute of Technology (MIT) https://doi.org/10.1145/3586183.3606732
Fossil Robot
  • Buried Treasure Ministero della cultura Euclid Telescope ESA – European Space Agency ESA/Euclid/Euclid Consortium/NASA, image processing by J.-C. Cuillandre (CEA Paris-Saclay), G. Anselmi, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
  • Fossil Robot Carnegie Mellon University College of Engineering
New Coral Reefs
  • New Food Experience: Monash University
  • New Coral Reefs: Schmidt Ocean Institute
  • Antarctic Drone: Windracers
Solar Eclipse
  • Solar Eclipse: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
  • Human ExoskeletonSuit: Wandercraft
  • Unreadable Scroll: University of Kentucky
Fossilized Footprints
  • Fossilized human footprints: Courtesy of the National Park Service.
  • TidyBot: Jimmy WuKurt Hickman/Stanford University
  • Dark matter / World’s Largest Digital Camera, Olivier Bonin/SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA
Record-Breaking Astronaut
  • OSIRIS-REx Capsule NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/Conceptual Image Lab/Scientific Visualization Studio
  • Record-Breaking Astronaut MBRSC NASA
  • Staying Strong in Space Canadian Space Agency ESA - European Space Agency NASA
New World Heritage Sites
  • 3-D Printed Food: Revo Foods
  • Nesting Octopuses: MBARI (Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute)
Morocco Earthquake
  • WindWings: © 2023 Cargill, Incorporated. © 2023 Yara Marine Technologies. © BAR Technologies Ltd
  • Coral Robots: Autodesk, Coral Maker, Tim Campbell
Giraffe Surgery
  • AI Racing Drone: University of Zurich, Robotics and Perception Group
  • Giraffe Surgery: Ron Magill / Zoo Miami
  • Wearable Sat Nav: Rice University
Brain Implant Technology
  • Robots Build Homes: ICON
  • Sea Urchins Lose Grip: Syracuse University’s College of Arts and Sciences
  • Brain Implant Technology: Chang Lab / Pete Bell
Chandrayaan-3 Moon Mission
  • Moon Landing: Isro
  • Life Under Vents: Schmidt Ocean Institute
Sneaky Fish
  • Strawberry Picking Robot: Organifarms GmbH
  • Sneaky Fish: Sam Matchette / University of Cambridge
Super Blue Moon
  • Pyramid Wind Turbine: X1 Wind
Canada Wildfires
  • Moley Robotic Kitchen: Moley Robotics
  • Canada Wildfires: BC Wildfire Service
  • Saildrone: Courtesy Saildrone
Construction Robot
  • Space Tourism: NASA / Virgin Galactic
  • Deep Sea Mining: DeepCCZ expedition / SMARTEX Project, Natural Environment Research Council, UK smartexccz.org / ROV Isis, SMARTEX Project, Natural Environment Research Council, UK
  • Construction Robot: Built Robotics
Paralyzed Man Walks
  • Rolling Bridge: Bridge designer Thomas Randall-Page, film by Jim Stephenson and Nyima Murry
  • Rewilding Tasmanian Devils: Aussie Ark
  • Paralyzed Man Walks: NeuroRestore
Space Junk Art
  • Space Junk Art: Max Alexander
  • Whale Sand Scrub: Jan-Olaf Meynecke, Johan Gustafon, David E.Cade / CNRS-Acoustic Communications team and Cetamada
  • Robot Arms:The information Somatics Lab / Prototyping & Design Laboratory, University of Tokyo JST ERATO INAMI JIZAI-BODY PROJECT
Shell Helmet
  • New Weather Satelite: ESA / Mlabspace /Eumetsat
  • Shell Helmet: Koushi Chemical Industry TBWA\HAKUHODO
  • VR Glove: Bifrost
The Earth in Ultra-HD
  • The Earth in Ultra-HD: NASA
  • Helpful Fish Poop: Rice University
  • Toy Brick 3-D Printer: Cardiff University
A Portable Wind Turbine
  • Parrot Calls: Rebecca Kleinberger, Jennifer Cunha, Megha M Vemuri, Ilyena Hirskyj-Douglas
  • Portable Wind Turbine: Aura Technologies Inc
  • Experiment Capsule: Gravitilab | Nasa
Juice Blasts Off
  • Juice Blasts Off: ESA / Juice / JMC
  • Seawing: Airseas / PolRYSE / Ville de Bordeaux, Louis Dreyfus Amateurs
  • 3-D Printed Arm: Unlimited Tomorrow Inc
Artemis II Crew Revealed
  • Artemis Crew Revealed: NASA
  • DribbleBot: Mike Grimmett/ MIT CSAIL
  • Snailfish: The University of Western Australia | NQAA
A New Spacesuit
  • New Spacesuit: NASA / Axiom Space / Manny Jawa
  • Fostered Cheetah Club: Zoos SA
  • Self-Burying Seed Carriers: Carnegie Mellon University
Baby Weedy Seadragons
  • Robot Sculptor: Robotor / Filippo Tincolni and Giacomo Massari
  • Baby Weedy Seadragons: Birch Aquarium at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego
  • Drone Delivery: Wing
Rising Wolf Numbers
  • 3-D Printed Heart: Melanie Gonrick / MIT
  • Rising Wolf Numbers:INBO/ANB
  • Mushroom Surfboard: BBC Wales News / Steve davis
Endangered Insects
  • X-AR Headset: MIT Media L:ab / Signal Kinetics
  • Endangered Insects: Levon bliss / M. Shanley AMNH
  • 3-D Printed Basketball: Wilson Sporting Goods / EOS
Baby Dancing Lemur
  • Trash Bot: Courtesy of AMP Robotics
  • Baby Dancing Lemur: ©Chester Zoo
  • Future Farming: Interstellar Lab | Dassault Systèmes
Cockatoo Tools
  • Snakebot: Northeastern University
  • Cockatoo Tools: Osuna-Mascaró et al
  • Synthetic Skin: Brandon Martin / Rice University
Recording Polar Sounds
  • Earthquake Rescue: Earthquake Help Project
  • Polar Sounds: Cities and Memory
  • Robot Painter: Carnegie Mellon University
A New Way to Land Planes
  • Selfie Bear: City of Boulder
Light Pollution Levels Rise
  • Racecars: Indy Autonomous Challenge
  • Shapeshifting Robot: Matter/Wang and Pan et al.
Spotting Walruses from Space
  • 3-D Printing: Natalie Larson, Lewis Lab at Harvard University
  • Walruses: WWF-UK / British Antarctic Survey / Maxar
  • Robot Technology: Boston Dynamics
Protecting Indian Rhinos
  • Ozone Layer: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center / Jefferson Beck
  • Drops of Life: Angel Fitor
The Secrets of Frog Camouflage
  • Collecting Plants:Outreach Robotics / Ben Nyberg - NTBG
  • Frog Camouflage: Duke University / Carlos Taboada / Jesse Delia et al. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abl6620
  • Winter on Mars: NASA / JPL-Caltech / University of Arizona
Melting Ice Threatens Penguins
  • Nature Drones -
    Imperial College London
    Empa
    Yusuf Furkan Kaya
    Aerial Robotics Laboratory
  • Travel Machine - BeTRITON
Testing a Space Balloon
  • Space Balloon - NASA/JPL-Caltech/Near Space Corporation/ESA
NASA Hits an Asteroid
  • Asteroid Hit - NASA
  • Hurricane Ian - Nick Underwood / NOAA NASA Earth Observatory / Joshua Stevens
  • Rare Turtles - © Bronx Zoo
Counting the World's Ants
  • Plastic Pollution - Plastic Fischer GmbH
  • Black Hole Sound - NASA/CXC/SAO/K.Arcand, SYSTEM Sounds (M. Russo, A. Santaguida)
    NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/Jeremy Schnittman/Scott Wiessinger
    Brittanny Taylor Photography
Building Artificial Reefs
  • Artificial Reefs - Ørsted WWF Denmark
  • Drone Photo Awards - DRONE PHOTO AWARDS 2022
    • Mehdi Mohebipour
    • Denise Azuelos
    • Hristo Dimitrov
    • Enrico Pescantini
    • Florian Ledoux
    • Satti Mohammed
    • Armand Sarlangue
To the Moon and Back
  • Space Balloon - NASA/JPL-Caltech/Near Space Corporation/ESA
NASA Probe Reaches the Sun
  • Solar Giraffe- Foundation Carlos Morgado Legitness Moz
  • Sun Probe - NASA/Johns Hopkins APL
  • Dinosaur Egg - Lida Xing
    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004221014875
    Illustrations of Oviraptorids - Masato Hattori
    Illustration of Oviraptorid embryo within egg - Julius Csotonyi
A Floating City Planned for South Korea
  • Artificial Muscles - Clone Incorporated (Automaton Robotics)
  • Mushroom Leather - MycoWorks
    Jesse Green
    Laura Gutierrez
    Picklap Films
Octopuses Classified as Sentient
  • Floating City - OCEANIX BIG-Bjarke Ingels Group
  • Asteroid Mission - NASA / JHU Applied Physics Laboratory
  • Jelly Ice Cubes - UC Davis
Sea Turtles Make a Comeback
  • Sea Turtles - Projeto Biodiversidade
  • Transforming Jeans - IKEA Mud Jeans International
  • Winter Weather - NOAA
Transforming the Streets of Paris
  • Reviving Paris -
  • ©PCA-STREAM Gustafson Porter and Bowman
  • Skateboarding Robot - California Institute of Technology (Cal Tech), DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abf8136
  • Wildlife Photography -
    • ©Pal Marchhart, Peek-a-boo
    • ©Dawn Wilson, Shaking Off 2020
    • ©Sarosh Lodhi, Dancing Away to Glory
    • ©Arthur Trevino, Ninja Prairie Dog!
    • ©Jan Piecha, Chinese whispers
    • ©Gurumoorthy K, The Green Stylist
    • ©Philipp Stahr, Sweet lips are for kissing!
    • ©Martina Novotna, Mr. Giggles
A New Underwater Sculpture Park
  • Amazon Seeds - Instituto Socioambiental | Fábio Nascimento
  • Sculpture Park - © MUSAN / Gorka Leclercq
A Space Balloon Prepares for Passengers
  • Recycled Concrete Bridge - EPFL
  • Space Balloon - Space Perspective
Rare Twin Pandas Are Born
  • Robot Snake - Kamilo Melo, BIOROB - EPFL
  • Twin Pandas - (c) ZooParc de Beauval
Artificial Clouds Help Protect Coral
  • Protecting Coral - Southern Cross University
NASA Investigates a Metallic Asteroid
  • Whale Snot - (C) 2021 Ocean Alliance, whale.org
  • Metallic Asteroid - NASA | Psyche Mission | NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/Scientific Visualization Studio
  • Parrot Beak - Patrick Wood
Microscopic Photos of Natural Worlds
  • Regenerated Land - Business Insider | Emily Harger
  • Rare Angel Shark - Jake Davies, JD Scuba
  • Microscopic Photos - Nikon Small World | Alison Pollack | Dr. Amy Engevik | Dr. Bernardo Cesare |
    Dr. Tong Zhang & Dr. Paul Stoodley | Jason Kirk & Carlos P. Flores Suarez |
    Martin Kaae Kristiansen | Paula Diaz | Sergii Dymchenko | Jason Kirk
Fishing Nets Recycled into Skateboards
  • Bureo Inc.
  • Costa del Mar
  • Patagonia Works
Reintroducing Jaguars into Argentina
  • Boston Dynamics
  • Fundación Rewilding Argentina
  • Parques Nacionales Argentina
How Can We Fight Plastic Pollution?
  • EPFL
  • Jamani Caillet
  • Plastic Clearing Boats
  • Yusuke Shigeta
  • Culture Gate to Japan
Would You Travel to Space?
  • Little Fireface Project
  • Virgin Galactic
  • The Plasticity Lab
Would You Eat Shape-Shifting Pasta?
  • University College London
  • Justdiggit
  • Shape-Shifting Pasta
Cameras for Wandering Elephants
  • ZSL
  • Colchester Zoo
  • Orbital Assembly Corporation
Celebrating Funny Images of Wildlife
  • Comedy Wildlife Photography Awards 2019
    • Abu-Galy, Queen of Smile (kingfisher)
    • Andre Erlich, Pair Ice Skating (penguins)
    • Andy Harris, Sea Otter Tickle Fight
    • Barry Chapman, Waving Polar Bear Cub
    • Bob Riach, The Photographer at Work (squirrels)
    • David Steeves, Diva Duck
    • Eric Fisher, The Bear Necessities
    • Hasan Baglar, Show-Time (praying mantises)
    • Mike Rowe, Deer...What Deer?
    • Nicola Beyfus, Dad tells off the Kids (sea lions)
    • Robert Palmer, Burrowing Owlets
    • Roie Galitz, Space-Man (snow monkey)
Giraffes Inherit Their Spots
  • Lee DE, Cavener DR, Bond ML. (2018) Seeing spots: quantifying
    mother-offspring similarity and assessing fitness consequences
    of coat pattern traits in a wild population of giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis)
    PeerJ 6:e5690 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5690
A Tiger Boom in Nepal
  • Kyxz Mendiola
Meet the Caterpillars Eating Plastic
  • NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, Mountains in the Deep: Exploring the Central Pacific Basin
  • Kitty Hawk Corporation
  • Kazuya Saito, Shuhei Nomura, Shuhei Yamamoto, Ryuma Niyama, and Yoji Okabe
Scientists Study Whales in Antarctica
  • Florida Keys News Bureau
  • MAXCOMM
  • IMAS (Institute for Marine